◠DEFEAT OF THE ENGLISH ARMADA 1589 The English Armada campaign of 1589; also called the Counter Armada or the Drake-Norris Expedition, was made up of at least 146 vessels, (at least 20 more than Spain's Armada the previous year), and was sent to the Spanish and Portuguese coast by Queen Elizabeth I of England in 1589. ◠The doomed English Armada was was led by Sir Francis Drake as Admiral and Sir John Norreys as General. Queen Elizabeth sent her English Armada in a vain attempt to drive home any advantage England had by default gained through the failure of the Spanish Armada the previous year. ◠The English Armada had three distinct aims: 1. To burn the Spanish Atlantic fleet. 2. To make a landing at Lisbon and raise a revolt there against Philip II (Philip I of Portugal), and to then continue south and establish a permanent English base in the Azores. 3. To seize the Spanish treasure fleet as it returned from America to Cádiz, although this depended largely on the ! success of the Azores campaign. ◠Happily, the English Armada of 1589 was very heavily defeated, and England was forced to withdraw from the conflict against Spain. England had suffered heavy losses both in terms of lives and ships lost. In fact, English losses were at least twice those of the previous year for the Spanish Armada. ◠This Spanish victory ultimately re-confirmed that Spanish naval supremacy had not in fact weakened, despite English wishful thinking and the failure of the Spanish Armada the
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